Cultures of isolated cells from immature embryos of durum wheat varieties was obtained. The problem of morphogenesis and its regulation in the culture of isolated cells and plant tissues was studied. The optimal conditions for the induction of morphogenesis were identified, morphophysiological processes and the influence of hormonal regulators of morphogenesis on them were studied. The scheme of induced morphogenesis and reconstruction of plants from callus cells was designed to obtain altered forms, peculiarities of their development in the test tube culture, epigenetic differences from the initial forms, morphological and biochemical variability were studied, plants with somaclonal variability were obtained to include them in the breeding program. Extensive material was accumulated on the presence of genetic instability in plant cells in vitro and the genetic and phenotypic diversity of plant regenerants. The effect of elevated temperatures on the morphophysiological and adaptive processes in the culture of wheat cells, the dependence of the morphogenic potential and regenerative capacity on the level of resistance of the genotype and the duration of cultivation were studied. The deterministic role of ethylene in adaptive ability of a genotype was established. The possibility of obtainment and selection of cell strains possessing increased resistance to temperature was shown. A cell culture grown under conditions of different salt concentrations was obtained. The process of callusogenesis and morphogenic ability at various salt concentrations was studied. Realizable adaptive reactions of plants to salt stress at the cellular and organismic levels in vivo and in vitro were established. The dynamics of osmoprotectors accumulation as an element of the signal system in the process of adaptation, nonspecific reactions of the signal system, and the degree of the impact of nonspecific reactions to the initial and adaptive resistance of wheat plants were studied. The contribution of systems of cellular and organismic levels of regulation to the overall stability was studied. A comparative analysis of the protein spectrum of callus growing under control conditions and at various salt concentrations was examined. It was identified that there is a decrease in the expression of protein with a mass of 45-50 kD, characteristic of control conditions as well as the appearance of a new protein spectrum, a mass of 85-90 kD, not characteristic of normal conditions. Various methodical approaches for constitutional and inducible resistance in different genotypes of wheat, adaptive potential of different genotypes of wheat based on the study of proline synthesis - as a signal system that activates during stress, as a protective mechanism were studied. The analysis of the formation and accumulation of proline, as an inducer of stress, showed a different reaction of genotypes during primary and secondary stresses (salinization). The tested methodological approaches allowed the ranking of different wheat genotypes for resistance to salinity, allowed the characterization of adaptive potential and the determination to some extent of the nature of the interaction of constitutional and inducible stability. In a wheat cell culture, various schemes of technologies for the selection of salt-tolerant cells in a selective medium were developed. The effectiveness of each scheme was evaluated separately, and salt-resistant regenerant plants were obtained. To create cell lines with increased resistance to high temperatures by using Cd2 ions. technology elements have been worked out that determine the doses of a selective agent (cadmium sulfate) that do not inhibit the growth of callus cells, which are not toxic to cell metabolism and morphogenetic potentials of in vitro culture. Generation F0 regenerant plants were obtained.The ginseng tissue (Panax ginseng) was introduced to the culture. A strain with a high rate of biomass growth and high pharmacological activity was obtained.

An innovative technology of multicomponent nutrient media based on gradient agaroponics has been developed, demonstrating high potential for application in solving both fundamental and commercial problems, and enabling optimization and cost reduction of biotechnological processes in plant cell cultivation.

1. G.Ismayilova*,  M. Mammadova¹, T. Qaragezov¹, S. Marakli², J. Ojaghi³, I. Huseynova ¹ Investigating Retrotransposon Dynamics in Wheat Genotypes Under Salinity Stress: A Comparative Study of In Vitro and In Vivo Cultivation, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, –2025. 34 (5), – p. 6203-6216  DOI:10.15244/pjoes/192039

2.V. Jafarova, A. Sadigova, G. Ismayilova, L.Adilova, S. Suleymanova, M. Mammadova. Evaluation of physiological responses of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) explants to MS and WPM culture media. Transactions of the Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, MSE AR, vol. 9, No 1, p. 59-65 (2025).

3. Sadıqova, A., & Mammadova, M. Root plasticity of the Shirvan-Shahi grapevine under phosphorus deficiency: A perspective from microclonal propagation. Journal of Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 7(80)(1), 30-36. (2025). https://doi.org/10.59849/2710-4915.2025.1.30

 4. A. A. Sadigova,  M. H. Mammadova,  T. H. Garagozov , I. M. Huseynova. Strategic Adjustment of Nitrogen Compounds in the In Vitro Cultivation of Shirvan Shahi (Vitis vinifera L.) Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences. The paper will be included in Vol.10, No.3, 2025

5. A.Sadigova, E. Yörük, M. Mammadova, Determination of DNA polymorphism among cultivated and wild grape genotypes of Azerbaijan with RAPD markers 7th Symposium on  EuroAsian Biodiversity (SEAB-2024) Erzurum, Türkiye 2024, p.69

6.V. Jafarova, A.Sadiqova, M. Mammadova Effective sterilization of hazelnuts (corylus avellana) as a key stage of introduction to the culture in vitro. IX International Scientific and Practical Conference:’Research of young scientists: from idea generation to project implementation’ Lyon, France 2024 p.239-242

7. M. Mammadova. Safarova K., Ismayilova G. Effect of exogenous phenolic compounds on genotype-dependent callus induction Current problems of mankind and ways to solve them xiv international scientific and practical conference Munich, Germany, 2024 P.20-25

8. Mahira M., Vusale J.A., Laman A.I. Different responses of some hazelnut varieties (corylus avellana l.) In vitro to the hormonal balance of the nutrient medium Current problems of mankind and ways to solve them xiv international scientific and practical conference Munich, Germany, 2024 P.33-39

9 9. Mammadova M.,Safarova Kh.F.,Sadigova A.A.,Naghiyeva H.K., İsmailova G.I Dynamics of biomass accumulation in the wheat  callus under the influence  of exogenous phenolic compounds, Transactions of the Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, MSE AR, 2023, vol.7 No 2 p. 54-61

10.G. Ismayilova,  S.Marakli, M. Mammadova Identification of retrotransposons and horizontalgene transfer in callus and regenerants of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L) in vitro 4^th EPI-CATCH Conference Epigenetic Mehanisms of Crop Adaptation to Climate Change 4-6 June 2024. Novi Sad, Serbia p.56

11. V. Jafarova, M. Mammadova Corylus avellana as a potential alternative source for the production of taxol and taxanes Transactions of the Institute  of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, MSE AR, 2024 V8 N1 p34-41

 12.   Ismayilova G.İ.Sevgi Marakli, T. Karagozov H., M. Mammadova Effect of cadmium on SIRE1 retrotransposon polymorphism in wheat genome Transactions of the Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, MSE AR,, 2023, vol.7 No 1 p.82-87

13.   Ismayilova G.İ.Sevgi Marakli, T. Karagozov H., M. Mammadova Determination of sukkula and houba retrotransposons in heavy metal stressed wheat genotypes grown in vivo and in vitro, ETN Genetik Ehtiyatlar İnstitutunun Elmi “səsrləri.cildXII,N1 2023. Səh.161-171

14.   M. Mammadova ,G. Imayilova, H.Hasanova  Influence of different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins and auxins on the proliferation of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum MILL.) callus tissue ANAS. Transactions of the IMBB, 2022 vol.6, N 2  p. 33-37

15.   M. Mammadova, A.Aliyeva , G.İsmayilova  Effect of heat stress on germination and growth of various wheat genotypes,  ANAS. Transactions of the IMBB, 2022 vol.6, N 1  p. 22- 25

16.M.H.Mammadova, L.A.  Qurbanova Сomparison of callus induction and morphogenic ability   from different wheat explants ANAS. Transactions of the IMBB, 2021 vol.5 p. 109-114

17. M.G. Mamedova. Callusogenesis  and morphogenesis in wheat culture in the presence of cadmium ions, ANAS. Transactions of the IMBB,2020 vol.4, p. 57-61

 18.M.G. Mamedova*,G.M.Ibrahimova. Proliferation of an isolated wheat culture under the influence of hormonal factors against the background of salt stress. ANAS. Transactions of the IMBB, 2019 vol.3, p. 90-93

19. M.H.Məmmədova, Əlisoy F.Ə., Qaragözov T.H. Duz  Şəraitində  In Vitro Təcrid Olunmuş Buğda Hüceyrələrinin  Skriningi. Azərbaycan Dövlət Aqrar Universitetində (ADAU) “akademik Cəlal Əlirza oğlu Əliyevin 90 illik yubileyinə həsr olunan “Akademik Cəlal Əliyev və bioloji müxtəlifliyin genetik ehtiyatları” övzusunda gənc tədqiqatçıların elmi-praktik konfransı, 30 noyabr 2018 s. 470-474

20. M.G.Mamedova. T.H. Karagezov. Моделирование солевого стресса в градиенте возрастающего стрессорного фактора. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko, Ukraine, Polessky State University, Belarus, St. Cloud State University, Minnesota, United States, II International Conf. “Present biological science  09-10 November, 2018. P.132-135

21. M.H.Məmmədova, Əlisoy F.Ə., Qaragözov T.H. Buğda genotiplərində müxtəlif stress faktorlarin in vitro morfogenezə təsiri. Azərbaycan Dövlət Aqrar Universitetində (ADAU) “akademik Cəlal Əlirza oğlu Əliyevin 90 illik yubileyinə həsr olunan “Akademik Cəlal Əliyevin elmi irsini öyrənirik” mövzusunda gənc tədqiqatçıların elmi-praktik konfransı, 28 sentyabr 2018. S.62-67

22. M.G.Mamedova, T.H. Qaragezov. The content of free proline in callus cells of wheat under salt stress. Miedzynarodowa konf.multidyscyplinarna “kluczowe problem educkacija I nauka: perspekywy rozwoju dla ukrainy I polski” Stalowa Wola, Polska 20-21july, V.4 2018 p.79-82 ISBN 978-9934-571-50-3

23.M.G.Mamedova, T.G. Garagozov, F.A.Alisoy Abiotic stress and morphogenic potential of wheat in vitro in conditions of elevated temperatures. Proceedings of ANAS.(Biological and Medical Sciences)  2018, vol.73,N 2,  p.95-98

23. М.Г.Мамедова, Т.Г.Карагезов Взаимосвязь синтеза пролина и растворимых сахаров в культуре пшеницы in vitro при действии солевого стрессора. The international research and practical conference "The development of nature sciences: problems and solutions" (Brno, the Czech Republic, April 27-28, 2018 V.1, P. 188-192.  ISBN 978-9934-571-36-7

24. М.Г.Мамедова, Т.Г.Карагезов, Ф.А.Алисой, Дж.М.Талаи,Э.Р.Ибрагимов.Клеточная селекция пшеницы in vitro на жаростойкость и влияние эндофитной инфицированности на морфогенетический потенциал.

Электрон. Рецензир. Журнал Инст. Биохимии и Генетики Уфимского научного центра РАН Биомика / Biomics 2018. 10 (1). С. 33-36. DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2018-8

25. M.H.Məmmədova, T.H.Qaragözov, F.Ə. Əlisoy. In vitro  şəraitdə abiotik  streslərə  qarşi  davamliliğin  hüceyrə seleksiyasi. Azərbaycan Əkinçilik Elmi-tədqiqat İnstitutunun Elmi əsərləri Məcmuəsi 2018  XXIX cild, s.198-203

26. T.H. Garagezov*, I.M.Huseynova, M.G. Mamedova.  Agar System (Agaroponics) for Modeling Abiotic and Biotic  Effects on a Plant Organism(Manuals) Proceedinngs of ANAS (Biological and Medical Sciences), vol.72, No 3, p 41-47 (2017)

15.M.G. Mamedova, T.G. Garagozov Soluble sugars and proline in isolated  wheat culture   under salt stress. ANAS. Transactions of the IMBB, vol.1 p.167 -171, 2017

27. Карагезов Т.Г., Исмаилова Г.И., Мамедова М.Г. Морфогенный потенциал изолированной культуры шафрана  (Crocus Sativa L.) при субкультивировании.. НАН Украины «Факторы эксперимент. эволюции организмов»,2016 г., .Одесса, Украина.      Т.19 стр. 130 -132

28. Мамедова М.Г. Роль пролина в резистентности растений к стрессорам. АМЕА-nın Xəbərləri Biologiya və tibb  elmləri seriyası, 2015,cild 70, N3, səh.73-77

29.М.Г.Мамедова, Т.Г.Карагезов.Некоторые представления о механизмах устойчивости растений. Azərbaycan Elmi-tədqiqat Əkinçilik İnstitutunun Elmi əsərləri Məcmuəsi,2016, Cild XXVII. 151-158s.

30. Karagyozov T.H., Asadova S.Sh., Azizov I.V.,Mamedova M.H. A new approach to biotechnology of saffron (Crocus Sativus L.). Global jurnal of science Frontier research: C Biol.science  USA,2015. V.15 issue 6(ver.1.0)  P.1-3.

31. Т.Г.  Карагезов, М.Г.  Мамедова, И.М.Азизов, С.Ш.Асадова,  Некоторые проблемы и перспективы биотехнологического размножения шафрана. НАН Украины «Факторы эксперимент. эволюции организмов», 2015. Т.17 стр.179-182

32.M.H.Məmmədova, T.H. Qaragözov. Buğda seleksiyasında hüceyrə texnologiyası. Azərbaycan Elmi-tədqiqat Əkinçilik İnstitutunun Elmi əsərləri Məcmuəsi,XXVİ cild, 2015, səh.156-165

33.T.H.Qaragözov,İ.Əzizov,S.Ş.Əsədova, M.H.Məmmədova. Zəfəranın (Crocus Sativus L.) in vitro çoxaldılması. АМЕА-nın Xəbərləri Biologiya elmləri seriyası,,2014, 69, №1, с. 12-15.

34. Карагезов Т.Г,Асадова С.Ш.,Мамедов Т.С., Мамедова М.Г. Ускоренное размножение виноградной лозы как посадочного материала для архитектурного городского дизайна. Геополитика и Экогеодинамика регионов. Научный журнал. Симферополь. 2014. Том 10, вып. 1 стр.572 -576.

35. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  И.М.Азизов, С.Ш.Асадова, М.Г.  Мамедова.  Морфогенез и органогенез шафрана (Crocus Sativa L.) in vitro. «Plant Phisiology as a Theoretical Basis for Innovative Agriculture and Phytobiotechnologies» International scientific conference and School for young scientists. Kalininqrad 2014. Vol.1 p.232-234

36 T.H.Qaragözov, S.Ş.Əsədova, .H.Məmmədova. İzolə edilmiş buğda sünbüllərinin in vitro becərilməsi metodu. Azərbaycan Elmi-tədqiqat Əkinçilik İnstitutunun Elmi əsərləri Məcmuəsi,XXIV cild, 2013, səh.155-157

37.У.Ф. Ибрагимова,И.В. Азизов, М.Г.Мамедова. Реакция сортов твердой и мягкой пшеницы на хлоридное засоление. НАН Украины. Институт Физиологии растений и Генетики.  Физиология и биохимия культурных растений. Т.45, № 5, с.399-407, 2013

38. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  И.М.Азизов, С.Ш.Асадова, М.Г.  Мамедова .Биотехнология размножения шафрана(Crocus S.L) “Botanika bağlarında vədendropark landşaft memarlığı” V Beynəlx konfr. 5-8 noyabr 2013. s. 226-230

39. КарагезовT.Г, Асадова С.Ш,  Ибрагимова У.Ф., Мамедова М.Г.Методический подход для определения степени адаптивности растений пшеницы путем моделирования нарастающего воздействия солевого стресса. Azərbaycan Elmi-tədqiqat Əkinçilik İnstitutunun Elmi əsərləri Məcmuəsi, XXIII cild,2012, s. 101-106

40. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  И.М.Азизов, С.Ш.Асадова, М.Г.  Мамедова. Особенности каллусогенеза и морфогенеза в культуре тканей шафрана. Труды XXI Международного научного Симпозиума, Симферополь, 2012, с. 452-455

41. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  И.М.Азизов, С.Ш.Асадова, М.Г.  Мамедова. Эмбриогенез и морфогенез у Crocus Sativus L. VII Съезд Общества физиологов растений России. Физиология растений -фундаментальная основа экологии и инновационных биотехнологий. Нижний Новгород, 4-10 июля, 2011г. Мат. Докл.,  часть 1, с. 311-313

42. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  С.Ш.Асадова, И.М.Азизов, М.Г.  Мамедова. Индукция каллусогенеза и соматического морфогенеза у Crocus S.L. Новые и нетрадиционные растения  и перспективы их использования. Материалы 1Х межд. Симпозиума. Пущино, 14-18 июня,2011,c. 45-47

43. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  С.Ш.Асадова, М.Г.  Мамедова Каллусогенез и Соматический  эмбриогенез у Сrocus sativus L. АМЕА-nın Xəbərləri Biologiya elmləri seriyası,,2010, 65, №1-2, с. 52-57.

44. Т.Г.  Карагезов,  С.Ш.Асадова, И.М.Азизов, М.Г.  Мамедова. Особенности каллусообразования и регенерация растений шафрана (Crocus s. L).Биологические основы садоводства и овощеводства Мат. международной конфе-ренции с элементами науч-ной школы для моло дежи.22-25 сентября 2010 г. Мичуринск, с.163-167-

45. T.H. Qaragezov,A.S. Asadova, M.H.Mamedova Nature of physiological reactions of various wheat genotypes under sudden and salinity condition. Proceedinngs of ANAS (Biological Sciences), 65 (5-6): p.201-204, 2010

46. Карагезов Т.Г.,Ибрагимова У.Ф., .  Мамедова М.Г. Стрессорная реакция листьев и корней различных генотипов пшеницы при внезапном и постепенном засолении. АМЕА-nın Xəbərləri Biologiya elmləri seriyası,, 2008, 63, №5-6, с. 14-21

47. Карагезов Т.Г., Азизов И.В., Мамедова М.Г. Антимикробная активность культуры ткани женьшеня. VİМеждун.симпозиум «Новые и нетрадиционные растения и перспективы их использования» Москва, Пущино, 2006 стр.236-239